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Thyroid test report: TSH, T3 and T4 normal ranges explained
A thyroid profile measures the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH, the signal your brain sends to the thyroid. TSH usually changes first, which is why many doctors start with it.
What each value means
| On your report | What it measures | Typical adult range |
|---|---|---|
| TSH | Signal from the pituitary that tells the thyroid to work | About 0.4–4.5 µIU/mL |
| Total T3 | The active thyroid hormone, total amount | About 0.8–2.0 ng/mL |
| Total T4 | The main thyroid hormone, total amount | About 5.1–14.1 µg/dL |
| Free T3 (FT3) | Unbound, available T3 | About 2.0–4.4 pg/mL |
| Free T4 (FT4) | Unbound, available T4 | About 0.9–1.7 ng/dL |
Ranges differ between laboratories, machines, age groups and in pregnancy. The range printed on your own report is the one that applies to you.
Reading TSH the right way round
TSH moves opposite to the thyroid. When the thyroid is slow (hypothyroidism), the brain pushes harder and TSH goes up; when the thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism), TSH goes down. A TSH just outside the range with normal T3 and T4 is common, and doctors often repeat the test after a few weeks before deciding anything.
Things that change the result
Pregnancy has its own, narrower TSH ranges. Illness, some medicines and biotin supplements can also shift results. If you take thyroid medicine, the time of your dose relative to the blood test matters, so tell your doctor when you took it.
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Read my reportCommon questions
What is a normal TSH level?
Many Indian laboratories print a range of about 0.4–4.5 µIU/mL for adults, but ranges differ by lab and are different in pregnancy. Use the range on your own report.
Do I need to fast for a thyroid test?
Usually not, but many labs suggest a morning sample. Follow the instructions your lab or doctor gives.
What does high TSH mean?
A high TSH often goes with an underactive thyroid. Whether it needs treatment depends on how high it is, your T4 and your symptoms, which only your doctor can judge.
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This guide is general information for adults, not medical advice and not a diagnosis. Only a qualified doctor can interpret your results. Updated 2026-10-06. See the medical disclaimer.